Hyperthyroidism

Understanding The Role Of The Thyroid Gland In A Safe Pregnancy

This article will explore the role of the thyroid gland during pregnancy, how its function changes, potential risks of thyroid imbalances, and steps to ensure a safe pregnancy.
Hyperthyroidism Can Lead To Decline In Bone Health; Here's What To Do

Bone health decline is a common issue in individuals with hyperthyroidism, but it can be prevented with simple lifestyle changes.
Thyroid Disorders: Here Are The Foods To Avoid

Your diet can have a significant impact on both types of thyroid disorders. Here are foods you should avoid if you suffer from hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
World Thyroid Day: Difference Between Hypothyroidism And Hyperthyroidism?

World Thyroid Day 2018: Hypothyrodism is a condition which occurs when thyroid gland becomes underactive; Hyperthyroidism results in overactive thyroid gland.
World Thyroid Day: 9 Signs Of An Underactive Thyroid

World Thyroid Day 2018: An underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) is when your thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones. Read on to know more about the symptoms.

What is it?

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are increased and is characterised by a metabolic imbalance. The thyroid gland is a small endocrine gland located at the base of the neck. It produces thyroid hormone, which control various body functions. Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis results from excess quantities of thyroid hormone in the body.

What are the causes?

There are several causes of hyperthyroidism: Graves’ disease is the most common cause and occurs when the immune system produces antibodies that activate and stimulate the thyroid gland, and results in production of hormones in large amounts. Thyroiditis, or the inflammation of the thyroid gland, can sometimes lead to excess amounts of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism can occur in patients who take an over-dose of any of the available forms of thyroid hormone. Certain benign or cancerous tumours can also result in increased secretion of thyroid hormone. Some forms of goitres or thyroid enlargements can result in hyperthyroidism.

What are the symptoms?

There are various symptoms of hyperthyroidism which may be present differently in different individuals: Weight loss Increased appetite Anxiety, nervousness and restlessness Heat intolerance Increased sweating Fatigue Muscle cramps Irregular menstrual periods in women Goitre or thyroid enlargement Palpitations and rapid heart rate Protruding eyes Excessive thirst Sleep disturbances Skin colour changes and itching Nausea and vomiting Uncoordinated movement Tremors Breast development in men High blood pressure Hair loss

How is the diagnosis made?

The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is based on physical examination and laboratory tests. Physical examination may also detect thyroid enlargement or goitre. Laboratory tests include blood tests such as measurement of serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), T3 and T4. In some cases, the test to detect antithyroid antibodies may also be useful. A nuclear imaging scan called a thyroid uptake scan, measures how well the thyroid is functioning. This can help diagnose the specific cause of hyperthyroidism. Iodine thyroid scan will show if the cause is a single nodule or the whole gland. X-rays may also be used to diagnose the problem.

What is the treatment?

The main aim of the treatment is to reduce the production of thyroid hormone. This can be done with the help of drugs such as propylthiouracil, methimazole and potassium iodide. Medications called beta-blockers, including atenolol or metoprolol, can also be used to block the effects of thyroid on tissues and to treat symptoms like rapid heart rate, tremors, palpitations, sweating, and anxiety. Radioactive iodine is the most widely recommended permanent treatment of hyperthyroidism. A radioactive form of iodine is given which gives off radiation which destroy the thyroid cells that preferentially absorb them. Surgery is another permanent treatment of hyperthyroidism, which may include partial or complete removal of the gland.

DoctorNDTV Team