Q: I am 27 weeks pregnant and I found my foetus has only one right kidney, which was observed in ultrasonography (USG). What are the other associated anomalies with the single kidney in foetus?

A:It is not uncommon to be born with a single kidney - the incidence is 1 in 1000 to 1 in 3000 in the general population. This finding should be confirmed in the post-natal period by a USG evaluation and a paediatric nephrologist review. Besides you need to get a foetal medicine consult. Associated urological anomalies can be present in approximately one half of patients and include primary vesicoureteral reflux (28 percent), ureterovesical junction obstruction (11 percent), ureteropelvic junction obstruction (7 percent), and ureterovesical and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (2 percent). Congenital cardiac malformations, such as atrial septum defect (ASD) and ventricular septum defect (VSD), and gastrointestinal malformations (e.g. anal atresia) are the most common non-urinary malformations associated with unilateral renal agenesis.