Urinary Tract Infections: How To Prevent And Treat UTIs During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a transformative phase for women, bringing immense joy and anticipation. However, it also brings unique health challenges, and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common. Characterised by a bacterial infection in the urinary system, UTIs during pregnancy can lead to discomfort and potential complications if left untreated. Hormonal changes, increased pressure on the bladder, and physiological shifts in the urinary tract during pregnancy make expectant mothers more susceptible to UTIs.

Timely detection, prevention, and treatment are vital to ensure a healthy pregnancy and prevent infections from escalating into severe health issues. Let's delve into the causes, prevention strategies, and treatment options for UTIs during pregnancy, ensuring expectant mothers have the knowledge to protect their health.

Why Urinary Tract Infections are common during pregnancy

UTIs occur when bacteria, primarily Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urinary tract. During pregnancy, the body undergoes several changes that increase the likelihood of these infections. If left untreated, UTIs can lead to kidney infections or preterm labour, highlighting the importance of preventive care and timely treatment.

1. Hormonal changes

Elevated progesterone levels relax the urinary tract muscles, slowing the flow of urine and allowing bacteria to multiply.

2. Enlarged uterus

As the uterus grows, it can press on the bladder, preventing it from emptying completely and creating a breeding ground for bacteria.

3. Weakened immune response

Pregnancy naturally suppresses the immune system to support the developing fetus, making it harder for the body to fight infections.

Recognising the signs of Urinary Tract Infection during pregnancy

While UTIs can sometimes be asymptomatic, if symptoms like fever, chills, nausea, or back pain occur, it may indicate a kidney infection, requiring immediate medical attention.

1. A burning sensation during urination

2. Frequent or intense urges to urinate

3. Cloudy or foul-smelling urine

4. Lower abdominal pain or discomfort

5. Blood in the urine

Prevention strategies for Urinary Tract Infection

Preventing UTIs during pregnancy involves a combination of hygiene practices, dietary adjustments, and staying mindful of bodily changes. Here are some effective strategies.

1. Stay hydrated

Drink plenty of water throughout the day to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Aim for 8–10 glasses daily, or as recommended by your doctor.

2. Practice good hygiene

Always wipe from front to back after using the restroom to prevent the transfer of bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra.

3. Urinate regularly

Don't hold your urine for long periods. Emptying your bladder frequently reduces the risk of bacterial buildup.

4. Opt for loose-fitting clothing

Tight garments and synthetic fabrics can trap moisture, creating a favourable environment for bacteria. Choose cotton underwear and breathable clothing.

5. Include cranberries in your diet

Cranberries and cranberry juice are rich in compounds that may help prevent bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract lining.

6. Avoid irritants

Steer clear of perfumed soaps, bubble baths, and feminine hygiene sprays that can irritate the urethra and increase susceptibility to infections.

7. Strengthen your immune system

Focus on a diet rich in immune-boosting foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Vitamin C, in particular, can help maintain urinary tract health.

Treatment options for Urinary Tract Infection

If you suspect a UTI during pregnancy, consult your healthcare provider immediately. Early treatment is crucial to avoid complications.

1. Antibiotics

Doctors usually prescribe pregnancy-safe antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. It's essential to complete the entire course, even if symptoms improve.

2. Probiotics

Adding probiotics to your diet may help restore the natural balance of good bacteria in your body, supporting recovery.

3. Pain management

Over-the-counter medications approved by your doctor can alleviate discomfort, such as a burning sensation or abdominal pain.

4. Regular monitoring

Your doctor may perform follow-up urine tests to ensure the infection is fully resolved and to prevent recurrence.

Neglecting UTIs during pregnancy can lead to serious health issues, including kidney infections, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery. Early detection, coupled with effective prevention and treatment, ensures the well-being of both mother and baby. With a proactive approach, expectant mothers can navigate this common pregnancy challenge and focus on the joys of welcoming a new life into the world.

Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.