How Asthma And BMI Triggers Miscarriage In Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a delicate journey for many women, with several factors affecting the overall health of both the mother and the developing foetus. Two significant conditions that are often overlooked in the context of miscarriage are asthma and BMI (Body Mass Index). While both conditions are manageable with the right care, if left untreated or improperly managed, they can contribute to complications that increase the risk of miscarriage. Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, can limit the body's ability to oxygenate the foetus effectively, while an unhealthy BMI can negatively impact hormonal balance and pregnancy health.

Asthma and pregnancy: The impact on miscarriage risks

Asthma is a common condition affecting many women of childbearing age, and its presence during pregnancy needs special attention. Pregnancy can sometimes exacerbate asthma symptoms due to the changes in hormone levels and lung function. If asthma is not well-controlled, it can lead to reduced oxygen supply for the foetus, which is critical for proper growth and development. This is particularly concerning in the early stages of pregnancy when the developing foetus is most vulnerable.

How asthma affects pregnancy

a. Reduced oxygen supply

During an asthma attack, the airways constrict, making it harder to breathe and decreasing the amount of oxygen entering the bloodstream. Oxygen is crucial for the foetus, and a lack of it can lead to developmental issues or pregnancy loss.

b. Inflammation

Asthma is characterised by chronic inflammation in the airways, which can cause stress to the mother's body. Persistent inflammation and frequent asthma attacks can lead to heightened stress hormones, which have been linked to increased risks of miscarriage.

c. Medications

Some women may be concerned about using asthma medications during pregnancy, but uncontrolled asthma poses a higher risk than properly managed asthma. Untreated asthma increases the chances of complications, including miscarriage.

Prevention tips for managing asthma during pregnancy

a. Regular check-ups

Consult with healthcare providers regularly to monitor asthma symptoms and adjust medications as needed.

b. Avoid triggers

Identify and avoid asthma triggers such as dust, smoke, and strong odours. Pregnant women should be especially mindful of allergens that could induce asthma attacks.

c. Medication management

Ensure that asthma medications are pregnancy-safe, but don't stop using them without medical advice. Well-controlled asthma is safer than untreated asthma.

BMI and pregnancy: The role of weight in miscarriage risks

BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight, and it plays an important role in pregnancy health. A BMI that is either too high (overweight/obesity) or too low (underweight) can impact fertility, hormonal balance, and the ability to maintain a healthy pregnancy. Both extremes are linked to an increased risk of miscarriage.

How high BMI affects pregnancy

a. Hormonal imbalances

Excess body fat can cause hormonal fluctuations that interfere with ovulation and implantation, making it harder to maintain a healthy pregnancy.

b. Inflammation and insulin resistance

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, both of which can increase the risk of miscarriage. High blood sugar levels, often seen in overweight women, can lead to complications in early pregnancy.

c. Increased risk of pregnancy complications

Women with a high BMI are at greater risk for conditions such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, which can lead to miscarriage or premature delivery.

How low BMI affects pregnancy

a. Nutritional deficiencies

Women with a low BMI may not have adequate fat stores to support a healthy pregnancy. Insufficient nutrients can lead to developmental issues in the foetus, increasing the risk of miscarriage.

b. Hormonal disruptions

Low body fat can cause irregular menstrual cycles and insufficient production of pregnancy-maintaining hormones like progesterone. Low levels of progesterone can result in an inability to sustain the pregnancy.

c. Increased stress on the body

Being underweight can put stress on the body, making it harder to cope with the physical demands of pregnancy, potentially leading to miscarriage in the early stages.

Prevention tips for managing BMI during pregnancy

a. Achieve a healthy weight before conception

Women planning to get pregnant should aim for a healthy BMI, as this can significantly reduce the risk of miscarriage. A healthcare provider can offer guidance on achieving a balanced weight.

b. Balanced nutrition

Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to maintain a healthy weight during pregnancy. Avoid crash diets or excessive calorie restriction, which can deprive both the mother and foetus of essential nutrients.

c. Moderate physical activity

Engage in regular, moderate physical activity like walking or prenatal yoga to support a healthy pregnancy. Exercise can help manage weight, reduce stress, and improve overall well-being.

Both asthma and BMI play critical roles in pregnancy health, and mismanaging either can lead to an increased risk of miscarriage. Regular consultations with healthcare providers, lifestyle adjustments, and proactive management of asthma and BMI can greatly reduce the risk of miscarriage and promote a healthy pregnancy. By understanding these factors and taking the necessary precautions, expectant mothers can protect their health and that of their developing baby.

Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.