Understanding The Difference Between Heartburn And Heart Attack

Experiencing chest pain can be alarming, and it's essential to distinguish between two common causes: heartburn and a heart attack. While both conditions can present with chest discomfort, their underlying causes and the urgency of treatment differ greatly. Heartburn is typically linked to digestive issues, while a heart attack is a serious cardiovascular event requiring immediate medical intervention. Knowing how to differentiate between the two can be life-saving, as mistaking one for the other can delay necessary treatment. This article explores the differences between heartburn and heart attack symptoms, helping readers understand when to seek emergency care and when to consider lifestyle changes or medications for digestive relief.

What is heartburn?

Heartburn, also known as acid reflux, occurs when stomach acid backs up into the oesophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest. This condition is often triggered by certain foods, eating habits, or lifestyle factors. The acid irritating the lining of the oesophagus is responsible for the uncomfortable symptoms that resemble chest pain, which can often lead to confusion with heart problems.

Symptoms of heartburn

Heartburn typically causes a burning sensation just behind the breastbone, which can last from a few minutes to a few hours.

Many people with heartburn report a sour/acidic or bitter taste in their mouth, especially after eating.

In some cases, acid may reach the back of the throat or mouth, causing regurgitation.

Symptoms tend to worsen when lying down or bending over, as these positions can allow stomach acid to move upwards more easily.

Although heartburn is uncomfortable, it is usually not life-threatening and can be managed with lifestyle changes or over-the-counter medications. However, chronic heartburn may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which requires medical attention to prevent long-term damage to the oesophagus.

What is a heart attack?

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a section of the heart muscle is blocked, usually due to a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries. Without adequate blood flow, the heart muscle begins to suffer damage, and the longer this continues, the more serious the damage becomes. A heart attack is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention.

Symptoms of heart attack

This pain is often described as a crushing, squeezing, or heavy pressure in the centre of the chest. Unlike heartburn, the pain from a heart attack can spread to other areas, including the jaw, neck, back, or arms.

Difficulty breathing or feeling winded may accompany a heart attack, especially if the heart's ability to pump blood is compromised.

In many cases, individuals may experience nausea, dizziness, or a sudden cold sweat along with chest pain.

Heart attack symptoms usually do not improve with rest or over-the-counter antacids. The pain often intensifies or persists for an extended period.

Recognising the signs of a heart attack is critical, as every minute counts in preserving heart muscle and saving lives. If a heart attack is suspected, calling emergency services and seeking immediate medical attention is crucial.

Differentiating between heartburn and heart attack

While heartburn and heart attacks share certain symptoms, key differences can help you determine which condition you may be experiencing. Understanding these distinctions can prevent delayed treatment, especially when it comes to a potentially life-threatening heart attack.

Location of pain

Heartburn typically causes pain or discomfort located in the middle of the chest, behind the breastbone. The pain usually stays in this area but can move up toward the throat. On the other hand, heart attack pain is more likely to radiate to the left arm, jaw, neck, or back, indicating that the issue is cardiovascular rather than digestive.

Triggers and timing

Heartburn is often triggered by eating specific foods or lying down shortly after a meal. Spicy, fatty, or acidic foods can cause heartburn, as can overeating or drinking alcohol. Heart attacks, however, are not related to food intake and may occur suddenly, even during rest or sleep.

Type of pain

Heartburn pain usually feels like burning, whereas heart attack pain is more often described as tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Additionally, heartburn pain may improve after taking antacids, while heart attack pain typically does not.

Other accompanying symptoms

Heart attacks are often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, cold sweat, dizziness, and shortness of breath, none of which are typical for heartburn. If any of these symptoms accompany chest pain, it's important to seek medical attention immediately.

Preventing and managing heartburns and heart attacks

Preventing heartburn and heart attacks involves different strategies, though some overlap in the general principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Preventing heartburn

Identify and avoid foods that lead to acid reflux, such as spicy dishes, citrus fruits, and fatty meals.

Eating large meals can increase stomach pressure and cause acid to back up into the oesophagus. Opt for smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day.

Lying down immediately after eating can worsen heartburn symptoms. Wait at least two to three hours before reclining.

Sleeping with your head elevated can prevent stomach acid from rising during the night.

Preventing heart attacks

Physical activity strengthens the heart and improves circulation, reducing the risk of heart attacks.

Eating a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure, both of which are risk factors for heart attacks.

Smoking significantly increases the risk of heart disease. Quitting can drastically reduce your chances of a heart attack.

Chronic stress can increase the likelihood of heart disease, so it's important to incorporate relaxation techniques such as meditation or deep breathing exercises into your routine.

Understanding the difference between heartburn and a heart attack is vital for taking appropriate action when chest pain occurs. While heartburn is often related to digestive issues and can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications, a heart attack is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Recognising the symptoms and knowing when to seek help can make all the difference in managing both conditions and ensuring better health outcomes. Regular health check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and awareness of risk factors can significantly reduce the risk of both heartburn and heart attacks.

Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.