How To Prevent Diabetes In Children: Reducing Risks And Management Tips For Parents

Diabetes is no longer just an adult health issue; it is increasingly affecting children worldwide, with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes both becoming more common in younger populations. While Type 1 diabetes is largely influenced by genetics and often appears in childhood, Type 2 diabetes is preventable and largely influenced by lifestyle factors. Addressing diabetes risk in children is critical, as early-onset diabetes can lead to long-term health issues, including heart disease, kidney damage, and vision impairment. Parents play a significant role in guiding their children towards a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of diabetes.

Understanding diabetes risks in children

Diabetes in children can have multiple causes, but lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and screen time are some of the most influential in Type 2 diabetes risk. For children with a family history of diabetes, the risks are even higher, making preventive measures more crucial. Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disorder, cannot be prevented; however, Type 2 diabetes can often be avoided with healthy habits. Parents can help by promoting balanced diets, regular physical activity, and other habits that support their children's long-term well-being.

1. Encourage a balanced diet

A diet high in processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats is linked to an increased risk of diabetes. Encouraging a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help regulate blood sugar levels and support overall health.

a. Limit sugary foods

Minimise consumption of sweets, sugary beverages, and processed snacks. Opt for natural snacks like fruits or yogurt.

b. Choose whole grains

Whole grains like brown rice, whole-wheat pasta, and oats are better for blood sugar stability than refined grains.

c. Add fibre-rich foods

Fibre slows down sugar absorption and aids in blood sugar control. Include beans, lentils, and vegetables in daily meals.

2. Promote physical activity

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining healthy body weight, improving insulin sensitivity, and supporting overall physical health. Active play is particularly important in childhood.

a. Encourage outdoor activities

Promote outdoor games like cycling, swimming, or playing tag, which not only improve fitness but also reduce screen time.

b. Limit screen time

Too much screen time can lead to sedentary habits. Encourage breaks from digital devices and suggest active play.

c. Set a family routine

Involve the entire family in physical activities, such as evening walks or weekend hikes, to make exercise enjoyable and routine.

3. Focus on healthy snacks

Children often reach for snacks throughout the day, so providing healthier options can help prevent spikes in blood sugar levels.

a. Homemade snacks

Freshly made snacks like fruit salads, vegetable sticks with hummus, or homemade granola are nutritious and satisfying.

b. Limit processed foods

Many processed snacks are high in refined sugars and unhealthy fats. Choose whole foods over packaged snacks whenever possible.

c. Balanced Mini-Meals

Include protein, healthy fats, and complex carbs in snacks to keep kids full and maintain balanced energy levels.

4. Educate on portion control

Portion control helps children learn about healthy eating habits, reducing the likelihood of overeating and weight gain, which can be risk factors for diabetes.

a. Teach hunger and fullness cues

Encourage children to eat only when they're hungry and to stop eating once they're full.

b. Serve smaller portions

Start with smaller portions and allow seconds only if they're still hungry. This teaches children to recognise hunger cues.

c. Avoid using food as a reward

Rewarding children with sweets can encourage overeating. Use non-food rewards like stickers or extra playtime.

5. Schedule regular medical check-ups

Regular health check-ups can help monitor weight, growth, and blood sugar levels, especially in children with a family history of diabetes.

a. Blood sugar monitoring

Regular testing for blood sugar levels can detect early signs of pre-diabetes.

b. Discuss family history

Inform the paediatrician of any family history of diabetes to tailor monitoring and preventive strategies.

c. Watch for warning signs

Signs of diabetes include excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection is essential for effective management.

6. Prioritise quality sleep

Poor sleep habits are linked to obesity and insulin resistance, both of which increase diabetes risk. Ensuring children get adequate sleep each night can support healthy hormone regulation.

a. Establish a bedtime routine

Set regular bedtimes and keep the routine consistent, even on weekends.

b. Limit screen time before bed

The blue light from screens can interfere with sleep. Encourage screen-free time at least an hour before bed.

c. Create a sleep-friendly environment

A cool, dark room with minimal noise helps children get a restful sleep.

7. Model healthy behaviours

Children often mimic the habits they see in their parents. Modelling healthy behaviours can inspire children to adopt similar habits.

a. Eat meals together

Eating as a family encourages mindful eating and allows parents to set healthy examples.

b. Practice active living

If children see parents exercising, they're more likely to view physical activity as a normal part of life.

c. Discuss healthy choices

Talk openly about the importance of a balanced diet and active lifestyle in an age-appropriate way.

Preventing diabetes in children is about building a foundation of healthy habits that can support lifelong wellness. From encouraging balanced diets and physical activity to promoting quality sleep and regular check-ups, these strategies can reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. While Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, a healthy lifestyle can improve overall well-being for any child.

As a parent, setting an example and involving the family in these practices can make the process enjoyable and sustainable. With a proactive approach, parents can help their children lead healthier, happier lives, decreasing the risk of diabetes and supporting holistic health.

Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.