Side Effects Of Chemotherapy: Signs To Lookout For

Understanding the side effects of chemotherapy not only helps patients and their families manage the physical and emotional challenges but also ensures that the treatment's impact is monitored closely. Early detection and management of these side effects can improve the quality of life and the overall success of treatment. It's crucial to recognise not only the common symptoms but also the less discussed issues that may arise, providing a more comprehensive approach to patient care during chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy, a primary treatment for various cancers, involves the use of powerful drugs to kill rapidly growing cancer cells. However, in the process, it also affects healthy cells, leading to several side effects. Understanding and recognising these side effects is crucial for early management and improving the patient's quality of life during treatment.

Understanding the impact of chemotherapy on the body

Chemotherapy is an effective cancer treatment, but it often comes with challenging side effects. These effects occur because chemotherapy attacks rapidly dividing cells, which includes both cancerous and healthy cells, such as those in the hair follicles, digestive system, and blood. Recognising the early signs of these side effects can help patients manage their symptoms and seek necessary medical intervention. Here, we will discuss additional chemotherapy side effects that may not be as commonly recognised but are important to address for overall health.

1. Fatigue

One of the most common side effects of chemotherapy is fatigue, which can range from mild to severe. Unlike normal tiredness, chemotherapy-induced fatigue may not improve with rest. Patients often describe it as feeling weak, drained, or completely exhausted.

2. Nausea and vomiting

Chemotherapy can trigger nausea and vomiting, typically within a few hours of treatment. These symptoms are caused by the drugs irritating the stomach lining or affecting the brain's nausea centres. Anti-nausea medications are often prescribed to help manage these effects.

3. Hair loss (Alopecia)

Hair loss is another widely known side effect of chemotherapy. The drugs affect the hair follicles, leading to hair thinning or complete loss. While this can be emotionally distressing, it is usually temporary, and hair typically grows back after treatment ends.

4. Increased risk of infections

Chemotherapy weakens the immune system by lowering the number of white blood cells, which are essential for fighting infections. Patients undergoing chemotherapy should be vigilant for signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or persistent cough, and seek immediate medical attention if any of these symptoms appear.

5. Mouth sores (Mucositis)

Chemotherapy can cause inflammation and sores in the mouth and throat, making eating and swallowing painful. Soft foods, mouth rinses, and pain relievers may help alleviate discomfort during this period.

6. Changes in appetite

Loss of appetite or changes in taste are common during chemotherapy. Many patients find that certain foods taste different, or they may experience a metallic taste. Maintaining proper nutrition is vital, and working with a dietitian may help manage these changes.

7. Peripheral neuropathy

Chemotherapy can damage nerves, leading to a condition known as peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms include tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands and feet. While some patients recover after treatment, for others, neuropathy may be long-lasting.

8. Skin and nail changes

Chemotherapy can cause dryness, itching, or peeling of the skin, as well as nail brittleness or discolouration. Patients should monitor their skin and nails closely for signs of infection or irritation.

9. Cognitive changes (Chemo brain)

Many chemotherapy patients experience memory issues, confusion, or difficulty concentrating, often referred to as "chemo brain." While usually temporary, it can be frustrating, and cognitive exercises may help alleviate these symptoms.

10. Fertility issues

Chemotherapy can affect fertility in both men and women. Patients of reproductive age should discuss fertility preservation options with their healthcare provider before starting treatment, especially if they plan to have children in the future.

Recognising the side effects of chemotherapy early can significantly improve the patient's treatment experience. Managing these symptoms with the help of a healthcare team can enhance comfort and help maintain a better quality of life during cancer treatment.

Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.