Cuts and wounds

First aid for cuts and wounds:

Minor cuts, scratches and abrasions do not usually require medical attention. Abrasions, such as gravel or sand rash, may have dirt embedded in the wound and are likely to become infected.

A penetrating wound or a cut may be caused by sharp objects such as a knife, scissors, blade or nail. Although the surface cut may be small, such objects can penetrate deeply and harm internal organs. These objects may also carry dirt and germs deep inside, increasing the risk of infection.

First aid:

• Wash your hands thoroughly before treating the wound.
• Gently brush away any foreign object on the surface, such as gravel or sand.
• Clean the wound and surrounding area, wiping away from the wound, using sterile swabs, warm and sterile water, and a mild antiseptic.
• Pat dry the skin around the wound but do not wipe away blood clots.
• Apply a sterile, non-adherent dressing, if necessary.
• If the wound is dirty or caused by a rusty object, a tetanus toxoid injection may be needed.

First aid for stab wounds:

• Stop any bleeding by applying direct pressure.
  
• Cut away or remove the clothing around the wound.
  
• Carefully clean the wound if it is not bleeding and apply a sterile dressing.
  
• If a limb is affected, raise it, unless you suspect a fracture. Seek medical aid.

First aid for wounds with embedded object:

• Do not attempt to remove the object. Apply a ring pad or pad around the wound and apply a clean dressing.
• Apply pressure around the object to stop bleeding, but do not apply pressure on the object.
• If a limb is affected, raise it, unless you suspect a fracture.
• Seek medical aid urgently.